Posts
BA English Literature
[1st Year, 1st Semester]
Background To English Literature-I
Unit - 5
Impact of European and British Legend on Literature
5.4 BEOWULF
ALTHOUGH the manuscript which
contains the epic of Beowulf was written about 1000 A.D., the poem itself was
known and had been elaborated upon for centuries by minstrels who recited the
heroic exploits of the son of Ecgtheow and nephew of Hygelac, King of the Geats,
whose kingdom was what is now Southern Sweden.
In his boyhood Beowulf gave
evidence of the great feats of strength and courage which in manhood made him
the deliverer of Hrothgar, King of Denmark, from the monster, Grendel, and
later in his own kingdom from the fiery dragon which dealt Beowulf a mortal blow.
Beowulf's first renown followed
his conquest of many sea-monsters while he swam for seven days and nights
before he came to the country of the Finns. Helping to defend the land of the
Hetware, he killed many of the enemy and again showed his prowess as a swimmer
by bringing to his ship the armor of thirty of his slain pursuers. Offered the
crown of his native land, Beowulf, just entering manhood, refused it in favor
of Heardred, the young son of the queen. Instead, he acted as guardian and
counsellor until the boy-king grew old enough to rule alone.
For twelve years, Hrothgar,
King of Denmark, suffered while his kingdom was being ravaged by a devouring
monster, named Grendel. This Grendel bore a charmed life against all weapons
forged by man. He lived in the wastelands and nightly prowled out to visit the hall
of Hrothgar, carrying off and slaughtering many of the guests.
Beowulf, hearing from mariners
of Grendel's murderous visits, sailed from Geatland with fourteen stalwart
companions to render Hrothgar the help of his great strength. Landing on the
Danish coast, Beowulf was challenged as a spy. He persuaded the coastguards to
let him pass, and he was received and feasted by King Hrothgar. When the king
and his court retired for the night, Beowulf and his companions were left alone
in the hall. All but Beowulf fell asleep. Grendel entered. With a stroke he
killed one of Beowulf's sleeping men, but Beowulf, unarmed, wrestled with the
monster and by dint of his great strength managed to tear Grendel's arm out at
the shoulder. Grendel, mortally wounded, retreated, leaving a bloody trail from
the hall to his lair.
All fear of another attack by
Grendel allayed. The Danes returned to the hall, and Beowulf and his companions
were sheltered elsewhere. Grendel's mother came to avenge the fatal injury to
her monster son and carried off a Danish nobleman and Grendel's torn-off paw.
Following the blood trail, Beowulf
went forth to despatch the mother. Armed with his sword, Hrunting, he came to
the water's edge. He plunged in and swam to a chamber under the sea. There he
fought with Grendel's mother, killing her with an old sword he found in the sea
cavern. Nearby was Grendel's body. Beowulf cut off its head and brought it back
as a trophy to King Hrothgar. Great was the rejoicing in the hall and greater
was Beowulf's welcome when he returned to Geatland, where he was given great
estates and many high honors.
Shortly afterward, Heardred,
the boy-king, was killed in the war with the Swedes. Beowulf succeeded him to
the throne.
For fifty years Beowulf ruled
his people in peace and serenity. Then suddenly a dragon, furious at having his
treasure stolen from his hoard in a burial mound, began to ravage Beowulf's
kingdom. Like Grendel, this monster left its den at night on its errand of
murder and pillage.
Beowulf, now an aged monarch,
resolved to do battle, unaided, with the dragon. He approached the entrance to
its den, whence boiling steam issued forth. Undaunted, Beowulf strode forward
shouting his defiance. The dragon came out, sputtering flames from its mouth.
The monster rushed upon Beowulf with all its fury and almost crushed him in its
first charge. So fearful grew the struggle that all but one of Beowulf's men
deserted and fled for their lives. Wiglaf remained to help his aged monarch.
Another rush of the dragon shattered Beowulf's sword and the monster's fangs
sunk into Beowulf's neck. Wiglaf, rushing into the struggle, helped the dying
Beowulf to kill the dragon.
Before his death, Beowulf named Wiglaf his successor to the throne of Geatland and ordered that his own ashes be placed in a memorial shrine at the top of a high cliff commanding the sea. Beowulf's body was burned on a vast funeral pyre, while twelve Geats rode around the mound singing their sorrow and their praise for the good and great man, Beowulf.
Text Source : Bulfinch - Index
***************************************************************************
Follow and support our YouTube channel to get English Literature summaries and Communicative English Lesson explanations and Task Answers.
Click this link to Subscribe : 👉 Saipedia
0 comments:
Post a Comment
If you need summary for any topic. Just send it in comment.
Don't Forgot to follow me in Our Youtube Channel : Saipedia